What is gum disease?
Gum disease (periodontal disease), in general, is a disease that involves gum and other tooth supporting structure (also known as periodontium) consisting of alveolar bone, periodontal ligament. Gum disease (periodontal disease) is the most common condition that causes tooth loss in adult if left unnoticeable.
Gingivitis is the early stage of gum disease that only presents vague symptoms. People are likely to ignore the symptoms of gingivitis. If gingivitis is not treated early, it may develop to more serious stages – periodontitis or advanced periodontitis. Tooth loss is unavoidable when patients get to this certain stage due to destruction of the tissue that surrounds your teeth.
What cause gum disease?
Foremost cause of gum disease is harmful bacteria colonies sheltering in dental plaque/ biofilm formed on the surface of the tooth, especially at or below the gumline. Bacteria can produce toxins or poisons that irritate gum tissue. In advanced stage, the further invasion of harmful bacteria dental plaque destroys the supportive structure holding the tooth.
Other causes:
- Poor oral hygiene
- Smoking
- Hereditary
- Teeth misalignment, crowded teeth prevent good oral hygiene practice
- Hormonal change during pregnancy
- Stress
- Diabetes
- Medication such as antiepileptics, chemotherapeutics or oral contraceptives
- Unbalanced diet lacking nutrients to build up body resistant system
